What I expected to happen was...:
Changed render distance higher so I could see farther.

What actually happened was...:
The only way I could describe it was, the game freaked out. I have no idea what it is doing. I have pictures of this problem. It seems to duplicate a certain area of the unloaded land, but it is all intangible, and the normal blocks of the world are still there, but are invisible.

Steps to Reproduce:
1. Go into any multiplayer or single player world with a low render distance before entering.
2. Go into options and turn up the slider for render distance.
3. Straight cut-off into confusion.

I used the server hivemc.us in the pictures, but I also got it in single player. I was only able to get rid of the glitch by completely closing out of minecraft.