In an attempt to see further than my typical 4 chunks (since I've been having this problem for a long while) , I attempted to change the render distance to 8, but what I got was a monstrosity... there were chunks just copied and pasted for random sections, stretching as far as I could see, there were mobs with widely distorted skins, sometimes when I changed back they didn't have skins at all (forcing me to exit out of the game and restart it from the launcher)

I usually try to keep everything at a minimum, so that my computer can run efficiently (Fast Graphics, no Smooth Lighting, 40 max Framerate, no 3d Anaglyph, no Bobbing, normal GUI Scale, brightest Brightness, no Clouds, minimal or decreased Particles, always in a 854x480 window, no VSync, no mipmap levels, I don't know what "Alternate Blocks" are but it's on, same with VBOs but it's off, and no Entity Shadows) but this seems to happen most of the time I change the render distance, and I don't even have a resource pack or mod or anything on it, just the standard, single-player game... other than my character's skin and what I've done in the worlds, it's practically exactly as I got it