The bug
If you place a block and an entity is pushed right up next to where you place it, the client freaks out and doesn't know if you placed the block or not. The server knows you did, and the client shows you did, but it has a marginal chance that the sound doesn't play.

Steps to reproduce

1. Place four blocks around a single block space one block up in the air.
2. Spawn in a whole bunch of cows in that 1 block space.
3. Go in survival mode and place a block on the north side. (That was the side I was on when it occurred, not sure if it matters)
4. Break the block if the sound plays properly and keep doing it until it doesn't.

Additional Information
This is related to and seems to be the exact opposite of MC-95720.