I was just playing on a survival world and using the health attribute to give myself a challenge. A trident wielding drowned killed me, and after I had respawen and reset my health to 3 hearts, I went underwater to explore a shipwreck. I placed down a magma block to refresh my air bubbles in, and forgot to press shift. I then took damage from the magma block, and got the game over screen without actually dying; behind it i was still taking damage to the block. Afterwords, in my inventory and in third person, I am stuttering back and forth at an angle and red as if I was dying continuously.

I was able to recreate this by setting my max health to 3 hearts, and letting a skeleton shoot me. I once again 'died' and began the infinite dying animation.