In survival, it seems that skeleton bow shots almost always hit as usual, however around 80-100% of arrows do no damage, but instead make the 'collect item' pop sound, as if you're actually just collecting the arrow mid-air, although you do not actually collect it.

I have video evidence if needed, it isn't the best quality due to having to record on a separate tablet, but it shows how to replicate the scenario.  Only 10 seconds or so of me being shot at by a skeleton from no more than a few yards away and showing the bug in effect.