NOTE: THIS ACTUALLY AFFECTS VERSION 1.18.10, which does not seem to be on the version list so I couldn't select it.

After an accidental encounter with this bug, I did some testing and found out that using a sword with the Sharpness enchantment while having the Strength effect of a high level (50-255?) either 1. Causes no damage to a mob when you attack the mob, or 2. Doesn't allow you to attack a mob at all. Sword type and game mode does not seem to affect this result. (I'm on mobile so I don't have an efficient way of recording this bug)