Recently, I've begun using night vision potions like crazy, and first encountered this a day or so ago. The potion will die when I still have time left on the potion. First, the screen will go black and white (in a distorted fashion), then go all black. Originally, I thought I was in some sort of void that I couldn't escape from. However, when I placed a torch (the room previously had zero lighting), everything was fine again.

This happens in all worlds (overworld, end, nather), and I'm guessing also happens in survival.