Done in Survival, single player using a very old world (world is up to date, just had it along time)
-Arrows shot by skeletons in the overworld crashes the game when it hits the player.
-Tested to see if Dispensers and shooting yourself with your own arrow would caused a crash, it didn't (only skeletons do it).
-Also tried getting shot by skeleton with and without armour, a crash occurred both times regardless.
-EDIT: Now tested once in a new Superflat world and a few times in my singleplayer world.
-EDIT: Minecraft isn't modded.

What I expected to happen was...:
1. Find Skeleton
2. Get shot by skeleton
3. Take damage
4. Take revenge on skeleton and kill it
5. Continue on with my journey.

What actually happened was...:
1. Find Skeleton
2. Get shot
3. Game crashes

Steps to Reproduce:
1. Find a skeleton
2. Get close enough to hug the Skeleton
3. Get shot by an arrow in survival mode
4. Game should crash

Crash report is attached to this