This bug has happened to me both in Creative and Survival, and on every world type (I've replicated it).

When I use the /effect command to give myself Blindness (any duration) and then drink a night vision potion (extended or regular), the screen goes PITCH black (you can't see anything except through the little circle of light around the sun. 99% of all blocks are in complete, pitch-black darkness
and you literally can't see a thing. The 1% of blocks that ARE (somewhat) visible are in that little circle around the sun and are barely visible.

I can place regular blocks (though I can't see them) and the only way for it to stop is for the Blindness or the Night Vision to wear off.

This is really weird and I hope it'll be fixed.