In 24w18a, players can synthesise some items indefinitely without losing ingredients. Synthesis methods include Taskbar Synthesis and Workbench Synthesis. However, there are some special cases where the bug may not be triggered, such as in the workbench, clicking on a recipe to synthesise it will not cause the bug to appear, but it may be triggered by placing an ingredient to synthesise it directly.
 
In my experiments, I've found that sometimes even the destruction of ingredients is incomplete, for example, there is one ingredient left.
 
I have made sure that I have not added any modules and I have created a lot of archives to make sure that this bug is real.