I'm not sure whether actual explosion (not ignition) sounds are supposed to trigger the sculk shrieker when caused by a player, but the current behavior is inconsistent:

• TNT explosions do trigger the shrieker when ignited by a player with flint and steel.
• TNT explosions do trigger the shrieker when ignited by a player with a flame bow.
• Firework rocket explosions (as well as launches) do trigger the shrieker when launched by a player.
• Creeper explosions do not trigger the shrieker when ignited with flint and steel.
• Minecart with TNT explosions do not trigger the shrieker when the minecart is ignited by being hit by a player while in motion.
• End crystal explosions do not trigger the shrieker when the crystal is hit by a player.
• End crystal explosions do not trigger the shrieker when the crystal is shot with a bow.
• Bed explosions do not trigger the shrieker when a player attempts to sleep in the Nether.

In the TNT and Minecart with TNT tests, extraneous vibrations such as ignition, projectile impact, and minecart motion were muffled with wool; the wool was destroyed by the explosion.

(EDIT: Made a few additions to the list.)