The Bug

When shooting a bow or crossbow outside of simulation distance, the arrows remain looping in the air until you get close to them and they enter simulation distance. They don't touch the ground, so they can hurt mobs when they enter simulation distance.

How to Reproduce

Create a world, change the simulation distance to 2 chunks, and try shooting with a bow or a crossbow outside of that distance, you can see it better with a spyglass.