A minecraft:vine (and also minecraft:glow_lichen) block only plays the breaking sound and shows breaking particles when the whole block itself is broken. If the block contains multiple vines and one or more (but not all) of those constituent vines end up being removed, no sounds play. Since a vine is being equivalently removed in either situation, sounds and particles would be expected, but this is not what happens.

To test:
1. Create the following setup:

2. Delete one of the supporting blocks:

One vine has been removed, note how no sound or particles were produced as a result.

3. Delete the other supporting block:

Again, only one vine has been deducted here as a result of the block being broken, but this time it shows breaking particles and sound, which is obviously not consistent.