After dying in the nether and respawning in the overworld. One can not place the Lodestone. It disapears immediately and trying to mine/punch the blocks where the Lodestone was placed, turns them into Netherrack or they disapear, Resulting in some sort of world corruption. Relogging and one ends up inside of oneself similar to what is described here.
https://bugs.mojang.com/browse/MC-176025

On further investigation, the placing of the Lodestone has nothing to do with the corruption. Respawning in the overworld after death in the nether results in a world corruption.