An ender pearl warp through a nether portal allows players to teleport huge distances with no trouble.

Setting up :

The portal that you are going to pearl through must have a wall at the opposite side you throw the ender pearl from.

Action :

When you throw the ender pearl into such portal, (probably) it collides with the wall behind it and at the same moment teleports into other dimension. This makes you warp to the portal's "other dimension" coordinates while not leaving dimension you are in.

For example, teleporting through nether like that allows you to get from X:800 Y:800 to X:6400 Y:6400, which will later become X:51200 Y:51200 if you set a portal there and go through it