Summary:
Clouds stop rendering somewhere between 24-28 chunks even if the render distance is set higher than that. This results in clouds abruptly appearing and disappearing when moving around since they are not partially obscured by the fog.

An interesting thing to note is that if you join a Bedrock Dedicated Server, clouds render beyond 24-28 chunks. However, after a few seconds, the clouds beyond 24-28 chunks disappear.

Immediately after joining a Bedrock Dedicated Server:

A few seconds later:

Steps to Reproduce:

1. Open a world with the render distance set to 28 chunks
2. Observe where the clouds stop rendering
3. Set the render distance to 76 chunks
4. Observe where the clouds stop rendering

Observed Results:
The distance at which clouds stop rendering is the same as before despite the render distance being higher.

Expected Results:
The clouds should stop rendering at 76 chunks.

Screenshots:
28 chunks:

76 chunks: