Typically, when rotating a block using the minecraft:transformation component, face directions in associated block culling rules files are adjusted to match the rotation. However, the adjacency face sometimes isn't updated. It is unknown under what all circumstances this occurs. The face to cull is seemingly always correctly updated.

In the attached world (Rotated Culling Bug.mcworld), the working example is set above both blue and green concrete. The bugged example is set above red and yellow concrete. All custom blocks have been scaled to more easily demonstrate the culling.

The blue example shows how the culling is intended to work, with north-adjacent blocks triggering north face culling:

The green example also illustrates that culling should not (and correctly does not) occur when a block is placed along the east direction:

The red example demonstrates that north-adjacent blocks do not trigger culling on the bugged example:

The yellow example shows culling incorrectly applied on the north face when an east-adjacent block is placed:

Both block definitions are also directly attached:

working.json
bugged.json

Note that both the working and bugged blocks use duplicated (but exactly equal) geometries and block culling rules. This is due to some other bug, but it's been difficult to track down what issue occurs when both blocks use the same geometry and culling rules.