Switching from loaded bow, as soon as it can fire the arrow, to another slot in the hotbar, you can catch a timing, when the bow fired arrow and the copy of that bow will be placed in the slot, you were switching to. If there was an item in this slot, the item will be replaced by copy of bow.

Works for tridents the same way.

The food can be duped too. You need to catch timing when food is about to be eaten and then switch  to another slot. duping food is way harder