Steps to reproduce

1. Load Crop Test.mcworld in Bedrock.
2. Press the button and start a stopwatch.
3. Clear your inventory.
4. After some length of time press the button again, and count the wheat that you get.
5. Load Crop Test.zip in Java.
6. Press the button and start a stopwatch.
7. Clear your inventory.
8. After the same length of time as in step (4), press the button again, and count the wheat that you get.

Expected result

You get about the same wheat in Java and Bedrock.

Observed result

You get significantly more wheat in Java.

Summary: It feels like wheat grows much slower in 1.19 than it did before. They also don't mature at the same rate anymore, making harvesting much more inefficient.
This is likely true for the other crops as well, however I haven't tested them.

Observed: wheat takes much longer to grow

Expected: wheat takes the normal amount of time to grow

below: picture of patchy growth in 1.19