Here's the text from the wiki (minecraft.gamepedia.com)
" Casting in water and reeling it up without a catch, reeling before the cast is complete, or missing a bite and leaving the line in the water does not reduce durability. "
Source: http://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Fishing#Durability

But in fact, doing such in survival will reduce the durability of the fishing rod.

I did a research with word "damage", "fishing", "durability". If this ticket is a duplicate, I am sorry.