In Nether, nothing changes when you adjust your render distance through "settings". Render distances in Nether is ALWAYS 4 chunks. In Minecraft Java, this does not occur. 

Further info below: 

(see in pictures below) I placed a jack-o-lantern surrounded by light-blue concrete at my end of vision (62 blocks from where I'm standing) when my render distance is set on 16 chunks. Then I increased my render distance to 80 chunks. 

Expected Results: Field of vision increases at a large rate, the jack-o-lantern comes into clear view, away from my end of vision. 

Actual Results: Field of vision stays the same, and the jack-o-lantern is still at my end of vision. 

If you want to see this bug happen, simply go to Nether, play with your "render distance" settings, and see if anything changes. 

This bug is not found in The End or the Overworld. 

I consider this bug as a great loss in Minecraft gaming experience. The Nether Update has given us a grand new Nether. High render distances gives Nether an epic feel. You can look at falls of lava flow down different layers of Nether, at huge forests of fungi in the distance, and fortresses built across mass seas of lava...... this is what Nether should look like. With only 4 chunks to see, Nether seems small and filled with smog (the rendering fog comes too close). It's really disappointing for not being able to see Nether under high render distances. 

It would be real help to fix this bug. Thanks!