When _JAVA_OPTIONS is set to anything in Enviroment Variables, it makes the launcher says the launcher is corrupted and that should reinstall:

Values tried:
Xmx512M
-Xmx512M
test

Removing it fixes it, but you have to open it one time, close it and then open it again

Update 16/05/2016:
Another user with same error(Windows 10 x64), the default contents where "-Xmx1g - Xms1g". User said it came back when reinstalling Java 8 Update 91(Browser installer). Fix was to delete the variable and download the Windows Offline installer