I've just bought minecraft java edition 2 days ago, been trying to fix this issue on my own. At first I kept getting 0x80131500 error. After some time of trying everything, this error stopped reoccuring, yet my minecraft installer will adress me to MS store, stating that it failed to connect to it, therefore I need to continue the process from there, but the launcher (both from minecraft.net and MS store) just did not open after a successful update. Just recently I discovered that it actually does open if I run minecraft launcher as an adminisrtator, but my main problem now is that I bought the game from an official website, but I logged in via my microsoft account, not mojang. The thing is that when I try to log in with microsoft, it says 'Something went wrong in the login process', and if I log in with my mojang account (same email and password even), I don't have a copy of the game.
I tried to migrate, but it feels like there is no actual information on the matter, or at least in a russian version of minecraft website (the only thing I have in my profile is my billing info, library and code redeem window)
(Edit) Opening minecraft launcher from MS store won't work unless I uninstall it completely and run it, get the launcher updated and come to the same situation I'm in right now