As you can see in the attached screenshot the Minecraft-Launcher loads the game from the wrong Game Directory.

In the selected profile I changed the Game Directory to:
"/Users/patrick/Library/Application Support/minecraft_latest"

But as you can see in the screenshot, the launcher starts minecraft from the following directory:
"/Users/patrick/Library/Application Support/minecraft/"

So it is not possible to create more profiles with different minecraft versions, because the launcher always chose the standard "minecraft" folder as Game Directory!