The bug

Some blocks and entities don't play any sounds in at least one of the following conditions:

• Placing them
• Breaking them
• Walking on them. ^{Fixed for every previous instances found (comment if you find any new).}
  For bug report of walking on shulker boxes and boats, see MC-101950. 
• Using them, i.e. right-clicking them, with different items

Affected blocks, entities and items

Lists below may be incomplete

Blocks

• Placing plants in Flower Pots (see Untitled.png for fix)

Entities

• Boats (MC-93059)
• All Minecarts
• End Crystals

Additional (using items, blocks & entities, not placing)

• Using Spawn Eggs
• Putting/taking out Music Disc in/from Jukebox
• Dying sheep or pets' collars
• Fertilizing with Bone Meal
• Changing Redstone Repeater delay
• Changing Daylight Detector mode
• Putting food on Campfire
• Feeding breedable mobs (except cats, horses, donkeys, llamas, pandas & foxes). Also giving bones to wolves
• Putting name tag on mobs
• Eating cake
• Opening Chest in Minecart
• Making animals sit
• Entering a bed also doesn't make a sound, despite this changing the occupied block state to true
• Certain projectiles don't have sounds when they collide with something (i.e. eggs, snowballs, ender pearls)

Fixed cases as of 19w45b

Blocks: Signs, Banners, all Skulls, Lily Pads, Redstone, Nether Warts, Carrots*, Potatoes*, Seeds*, Beetroot Seeds*, Melon Seeds*, Pumpkin Seeds*, Cocoa beans** 

Items: Item Frames, Paintings, Leads

Additional: Placing armor in Armor Stands, placing Eyes of Ender in End Portal Frames, Water Buckets, Lava Buckets

^{* Fixed in 19w03a
** Fixed in 19w14b}