I cannot exactly tell in which version this issue was introduced because it sometimes happened in snapshots like 24w37a or 24w38a, sometimes not. In the release candidate however, I can consistently reproduce it.

Steps to reproduce (video is attached):

1. Place a magma block underwater so it makes a bubble column.
2. Shoot at the magma block with a trident or bow from a certain angle so the projectile actually lands on top of the magma block.
3. Once the projectile hits the magma block, it glitches, changing rotation several times.