The item_name component no longer overrides the name of a shield with a base color or a lodestone compass. This worked prior to 24w36a.

The 24w37a changelog mentions that the item_name component now has the lowest priority, but as far as I know there is no workaround for this case other than using the custom_name component.

How to reproduce:

1. Execute the following commands:

   /give @s minecraft:shield[minecraft:item_name='"Test"',minecraft:base_color=white]

   /give @s minecraft:compass[minecraft:item_name='"Test"',minecraft:lodestone_tracker={}]

2. Look at the names of the items you were given.