Using data-driven enchantments in a datapack and editing the vanilla channeling enchantment by removing the section: 

{
  "block": "minecraft:lightning_rod",
  "condition": "minecraft:block_state_property"
} 

Should make it so that whenever a trident hits any block, lightning is summoned. However it only works when when hitting blocks without a full hitbox, for example: fences, iron bars, trapdoors, snow layers (2 to 7), cakes, conduit.

Hitting any full block does not seem to trigger the lightning.