The issue is as the title says. When trying to eat any kind of Stew (Mushroom Stew, Rabbit Stew, Suspicious Stew) with the [minecraft:food] component, they will not return the bowl like they normally would.

To return the bowl, the [using_converts_to] food component is required–but that leads to a different bug (I have also reported that as well)

How to replicate:

1. Copy and paste this command:
   /give @p minecraft:mushroom_stew[food=\{nutrition:1,saturation:0,can_always_eat:true}]
   (The "can_always_eat" area is just for ease of testing, it doesn't affect the bug)
2. Eat the mushroom stew item.
3. Observe that it doesn't return any bowls.

The only time it will return a bowl back is if the [minecraft:food] component is removed.

My assumption is that the component causes the item it's used on to lose its original properties, including any Stew items returning bowls.