Generally in minecraft, each entity's motion tag value can be above 10.

• 1. Give high value of knockback enchanted item like 

  /give @s stick[minecraft:enchantments={levels:{knockback:125}}]

• 2. Hit the entity and get that Motion nbt value.

  /data get entity @e[type=!minecraft:player,limit=1,sort=nearest] Motion[0]

  In this way, we can confirm that entity can have values above 10. Motion value can be above 10 (If without the command). 

• 3. But it cannot be able to above 10 with command. (It will be 0)

  /summon minecraft:villager ~ ~ ~ {Motion:[15.d,15.d,15.d]}

  /data modify entity @e[limit=1,type=!minecraft:player,sort=nearest] Motion set value [15d,15d,15d]
  

  /data modify entity @e[limit=1,type=!minecraft:player,sort=nearest] Motion set from entity @e[tag=entity_that_is_motion_too_high,limit=1] Motion 
  #Souce entity has Motion value above 10