I am not exactly sure why this happens, but when I did f3+t and left click to hold left click continually, the texture started appearing every time I clicked a block. I had no resource packs enabled, and I noticed that the texture has a hue on each block clicked (hard to notice in the video because I did it on cobblestone). I doubt this is easily replicable, but if it helps, I used an nbt editor on the world (removing cheats and setting difficulty) before joining and also did the reset icon button, which for some reason made every world in the world list have a black texture on the icon for a few seconds as if reloading, but usually Minecraft doesn't reload all of the world icons when changing one.

Edit: It doesn't happen to most tile entities, meaning probably not part of the actual breaking animation

Edit 2: It appears for longer on things that take longer to break, so maybe it actually is part of the breaking animation

Edit 3: I rejoined the world, now some blocks are just black and some have stuff such as the witch texture (attached that)