At high levels, the enchant_with_levels function of a loot table appears to break down, producing almost exclusively books of only Efficiency V or no enchantment at all. 

The world attached to this report contains a datapack with loot tables that enchant a book at levels 80 through 99, and a command block to generate each one. After some experimenting, I've determined that once level 89 is reached, it's possible (although rare) for a book to be generated with no enchantment at all, and at level 99 this becomes very common. The extreme bias towards books with solely the Efficiency enchantment also becomes very apparent. While numbers this high aren't used in vanilla loot tables, it effectively hard-limits the power of enchanting used by mapmakers and technical players.

To reproduce, simply enter the world attached to this report and activate the labeled command blocks. The datapack can be found and doublechecked within the world save folder.

MC-114322 may be another attempt to describe this bug, but it was extremely vague and marked as invalid,