surface mineshafts in badlands are much rarer than they were in 1.17.1, most badlands not having any. the mineshafts seem to only generate roughly below y80 as well, making higher altitude badlands even less likely to have them.

edit: here is a seed with a large high altitude badlands at world spawn -314652464161685935 no surface mineshafts in sight. I tested many other seeds and got similar results but feel that this one is a perfect example due to the size of the biome.