As soon as you return you get instantly hit by the projectile.
Worst case scenario you get knocked into the lava and die in your hardcore mode like it happened to me, or the portal breaks and you don't have flint and steel on you to light it again so you have to spend a long time in the nether trying to get gold to trade with piglins hoping to get some iron. Projectiles should either keep a chunk loaded until they hit something or just despawn upon exiting the nether.