The bug

If a score callback corresponding to /execute store (result|success) score <targets> <objective> contains targets with 41 or more characters, it throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException while executing the chained callbacks.
This causes the remaining callbacks not to be executed.

How to reproduce

1. /scoreboard objectives add mc-182362 dummy

2. /execute store success score a mc-182362 store success score _________________________________________ mc-182362 store success score b mc-182362 run me *

   → An unexpected error occurred trying to execute that command (The player name '_________________________________________' is too long!)

3. /scoreboard players get a mc-182362

   → a has 1 [mc-182362], the callback corresponding to /execute store success score a mc-182362 is successfully executed.

4. /scoreboard players get b mc-182362

   → Can't get value of mc-182362 for b; none is set, the callback corresponding to /execute store success score b mc-182362 is not executed.

Code analysis

Scoreboard#getOrCreatePlayerScore throws IllegalArgumentException iff target.length() > 40 at runtime. This breaks the callback chain created by CALLBACK_CHAINER.

// net.minecraft.server.commands.ExecuteCommand

private static CommandSourceStack storeValue(CommandSourceStack source, Collection<String> targets, Objective objective, boolean result) {
    Scoreboard scoreboard = source.getServer().getScoreboard();
    return source.withCallback((c, s, r) -> {
        for (String target : targets) {
            Score score = scoreboard.getOrCreatePlayerScore(target, objective);
            int count = result ? r : (s ? 1 : 0);
            score.setScore(count);
        }
    }, CALLBACK_CHAINER);
}