Affected blocks:

• chests (single+double, normal, trapped, ender)
• the book of an enchantment table
• signs without text
• banners completely for one frame after placing and the wooden part always
• pistons and piston heads while extending or retracting
• end gateways (extremely offset)
• end portals (completely invisible, possibly offset farther than the screen)
• bed
• conduit
• bell

Item frames without items are also affected.

Having any entity on the screen (including the own player in third person mode) works around the problem, but the entity gets very dark. Some other blocks, like skulls, end portals and signs with text, also work around the issue.