Found this on a vanilla multiplayer server originally. Instant mining caused black particles every couple of block, which dropped my FPS in massive spikes. This only occurs in a few chunks where I had just blown up a bunch of TNT. Does not occur in other areas.

Edit: I was able to recreate this in a survival world. Blew up a bunch of TNT, then put down a haste 2 beacon and spawned myself an Eff V pick. Instant mining nearby caused the particle bug, but further away everything was fine. Restarting seems to fix the issue in single player, but relogging does not help in multiplayer. I assume the server needs to be restarted.