On my system I made a custom resulution that causes to "overclock" my screen refresh rate this is done in Nvidia control panel. My screen is a 60hz panel connected by HDMI, but i overclocked it to 74 Hz. Sadly Minecraft doesnt show it in the slider.

Although The game does show refreshrates that my screen doesnt support at all.
It shows 25Hz, 29Hz, 30Hz, 50Hz, and 60Hz.

The only first 3 of them are not supported by my screen and when you go into fullscreen mode with a lower refreshrate, minecraft will still go to fullscreen only it seems it is a borderless fullscreen mode instead. and it uses last set refreshrate, for example 74Hz.

(see attachments)

EDIT:

The console logged this:

[14:07:18] [Client thread/ERROR]: ########## GL ERROR ##########
[14:07:18] [Client thread/ERROR]: @ Render
[14:07:18] [Client thread/ERROR]: 65544: Win32: Failed to set video mode: Graphics mode not supported
[14:07:57] [Client thread/ERROR]: ########## GL ERROR ##########
[14:07:57] [Client thread/ERROR]: @ Render
[14:07:57] [Client thread/ERROR]: 65544: Win32: Failed to set video mode: Graphics mode not supported
[14:08:08] [Client thread/ERROR]: ########## GL ERROR ##########
[14:08:08] [Client thread/ERROR]: @ Render
[14:08:08] [Client thread/ERROR]: 65544: Win32: Failed to set video mode: Graphics mode not supported