I've experienced this bug multiple times. The first was when I was mining for clay in a mesa biome. I had a Haste beacon, and a diamond pickaxe with Efficiency V. After mining in a very random pattern (and holding down the left click button), I noticed this glitch. There are no visible blocks where this glitch occurs. The F3 menu does not show any block ID for the block I am looking at when this occurs. Upon a reload of the world, the location where this invisible block bug occurs is replace with the block that was previously at the location. I've noticed this glitch on both Vanilla 1.10.2 and 1.11.2, as well as 1.10.2 with the OptiFine mod installed. This bug appears to be a result of a failure to register the block break at such high speeds, however, I'm not well acquainted with Java, let alone the Minecraft codebase. I have a video of this glitch, but it was too large to attach. I would be more than happy to send you the file via another means. Thanks.